Top AI Marketing Tools for 2026: Automate, Personalize, and Scale

The Ultimate Guide to Best AI Marketing Tools of 2026

In the rapidly evolving landscape of 2026, AI marketing tools are no longer just an advantage—they're a necessity. From automating complex workflows to generating hyper-personalized content, artificial intelligence is reshaping how businesses connect with their audiences and drive growth. This comprehensive guide from WiseRankr.com dives deep into the best AI marketing tools available today, helping you navigate the options and select the perfect fit for your strategy. We'll explore leading platforms like Gumloop, Google Labs (Pomelli), Clay, Attio, Brevo, HubSpot Marketing Hub, Omnisend, and Marketo Engage, breaking down their features, pricing, and ideal use cases.

Whether you're a small business owner looking to streamline email campaigns or an enterprise seeking advanced Go-To-Market (GTM) automation, understanding these tools is crucial. Our analysis is based on current data, user reviews, and market positioning to provide an objective overview, ensuring you make an informed decision for your marketing efforts.

1. Gumloop: The AI Automation Framework

Gumloop is an AI automation platform designed to help marketers and teams automate complex workflows without needing to write a single line of code. It acts as an "AI Automation Framework," connecting various tools with large language models to streamline operations and create specialized AI agents.

Key Features:

  • No-Code AI Agent Building: Roll out specialized agents like Data Analysis Agent, Support Agent, CRM Agent, Meeting Prep Agent, and Call Analysis Agent in minutes. These agents can reason, triage bugs, manage deals, or analyze call recordings.
  • Flexible Model Integration: Supports "Every model out of the box" with "no vendor lock-in," allowing connection to various AI models.
  • Data Connectivity: Connects to internal and external data sources for comprehensive automation.
  • Recurring Tasks: Enables recurring tasks for agents to run in the background, such as monitoring social presence or lead qualification.
  • Gumstack: Provides security and observability for AI tools, preventing shadow IT and bringing AI to production quickly with features like Tool Call Activity and Centralized Monitoring.

Pricing:

Gumloop offers a credit-based pricing model:

  • Free: $0/month. Includes 5k credits/month, 1 Seat, 1 Active Trigger, 2 Concurrent Runs, 5 Concurrent Agent Interactions, Forum Support, unlimited Agents and Flows.
  • Pro: $37/month. Includes 20k+ credits/month, unlimited Seats, 5 Concurrent Runs, 25 Concurrent Agent Interactions, unlimited Teams, Unified Billing, Team Usage & Analytics. Also offers unlimited Triggers, Webhooks, Email Support, and Bring Your Own API Key.
  • Enterprise: Custom Pricing. Includes everything in Pro, plus Role Based Access Control, SCIM/SAML Support, Admin Dashboard, Audit Logs, Custom Data Retention Rules, Regular Security Reports, Data Exports, Incognito Mode, AI Model Access Control, Virtual Private Cloud, Workflow Queuing, App Policies & Guardrails, MCP Server Hosting, and MCP Server Proxying.

Standard AI calls consume 2 credits, while advanced AI calls (GPT-4, Claude 3.7) consume 20 credits.

Best For:

Gumloop is best for marketing teams, sales operations, and customer support departments looking to implement no-code AI automation for repetitive tasks and data-driven insights. Its flexibility in connecting to various AI models and data sources makes it suitable for organizations that prioritize custom AI solutions and want to avoid vendor lock-in. Users on G2 report it's "essential for our operations" and "saves us hours every week," while others found it "too complex for our needs."

2. Google Labs (Pomelli): On-Brand Content Generation

Google Labs serves as the experimental hub for Google's latest AI innovations. Among its featured tools, Pomelli stands out as an AI-powered marketing tool specifically designed to help businesses, particularly small to medium-sized ones, generate scalable, on-brand content. It aims to accelerate content creation by mimicking a website's design system and tone.

Key Features:

  • On-Brand Content Generation: Pomelli analyzes your existing website content to understand brand colors, visual style, and tone of voice, then generates consistent social media posts, ad copies, and email campaigns.
  • Photoshoot Feature: Transforms ordinary phone photos into catalog-quality product shots, a significant boon for e-commerce businesses.
  • Business DNA Analysis: Accurately captures brand aesthetics, though some testers note the tone of voice analysis can sometimes require manual refinement.
  • Ease of Use: Designed to be user-friendly, requiring no advanced technical skills to produce marketing assets.

Pricing:

Pomelli is currently offered completely free during its public beta phase. There are no credit card requirements, waitlists, or usage limits on generations. Google is actively gathering feedback to refine the platform and may introduce premium features or integrations with Google Workspace and advertising services in the future.

Best For:

Pomelli is an excellent choice for small to medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and startups that need to create a high volume of on-brand marketing content quickly and affordably. It's particularly useful for those without dedicated design teams or large marketing budgets. Users praise its ability to generate brand-aligned assets rapidly, though it's important to note its beta status means it could be "sunsetted at any time." Its effectiveness is highest for brands with clear, distinctive online presences, as more generic websites may yield less precise outputs.

3. Clay: AI-Powered GTM Automation

Clay is a powerful marketing automation platform tailored for Go-To-Market (GTM) teams. It specializes in automating prospecting, data enrichment, and highly personalized outreach by bringing together AI agents, diverse data sources, and intent signals. Clay aims to turn insights into timely, relevant action for sales and marketing professionals.

Key Features:

  • AI Agents for GTM: Leverages AI to find people, enrich contacts, and draft personalized outreach, even integrating with tools like ChatGPT for conversational workflows.
  • Data Enrichment: Automates the process of gathering and enriching prospect data from various sources, including phone numbers, job changes, and web intent signals.
  • Workflow Automation: Enables users to build complex, trigger-driven workflows for lead generation, personalization, and CRM updates.
  • Integrations: Offers integrations with key GTM tools like Webflow for website personalization and Gong for turning conversation insights into workflows.
  • Scalable Data Management: Designed to handle large volumes of data, allowing teams to query companies by keywords and identify decision-makers.

Pricing:

Clay offers a flexible, credit-based pricing structure:

  • Free: $0/month. Includes 100 data credits/month, 500 actions/month, unlimited seats and tables, multi-provider waterfalls, Claygent enrichment, Clay Sequencer for email, up to 200 rows per table.
  • Launch: Starting at $185/month. Includes 2,500 data credits/month, 15,000 actions/month, and all Free features plus phone number enrichment, job change and signal tracking, email campaign integrations, up to 50,000 rows per table.
  • Growth: Starting at $495/month. Includes 6,000 data credits/month, 40,000 actions/month, all Launch features plus CRM auto-sync and enrichment, HTTP API integrations, webhook automation, web intent signal tracking, audience pushes to ad platforms, and priority support.
  • Enterprise: Custom pricing (annual commitment). Includes 100,000+ data credits/month, 200,000+ actions/month, all Growth features plus unlimited Audiences, unlimited row bulk enrichment, Clay API access, data warehouse syncs, SSO, RBAC permissions, and additional dedicated support.

Best For:

Clay is ideal for advanced GTM teams, sales operations, and marketing professionals in mid-sized to enterprise companies who require sophisticated data enrichment, lead generation, and hyper-personalized outreach at scale. While powerful, Reddit users and some Trustpilot reviews highlight a "steep learning curve" and potential for rapid credit consumption, suggesting it's best for users comfortable with complex automation and willing to invest time in mastering the platform.

4. Attio: The AI CRM for GTM

Attio positions itself as a "next-generation CRM" specifically built for modern Go-To-Market (GTM) teams. It integrates AI and automation to offer a highly flexible platform for managing customer relationships, enriching data, and streamlining workflows. Attio aims to provide a more adaptable alternative to traditional CRMs, focusing on real-time insights and customizable data models.

Key Features:

  • AI CRM for GTM: Designed to execute revenue strategy with precision, offering powerful workflows, AI deployment, data integration, and detailed reporting.
  • Automated Workflows: Provides an intelligent automation engine to handle complex business processes.
  • Real-time Contact Syncing & Enrichment: Automatically syncs contacts and enriches data, including a new "Web research agent" with confidence ratings and citations.
  • Call Intelligence & Sequences: AI surfaces insights during calls, while personalized email sequences leverage enriched data for targeted outreach.
  • Flexible Data Model: Users can build highly customized data structures, drawing comparisons to Notion or Airtable rather than rigid traditional CRMs.
  • Integrations: Connects with various tools including Typeform, Zapier, Slack, Aircall, Mailchimp, and recently, direct connections with Claude, ChatGPT, and Notion, and a native integration with Clay.

Pricing:

Attio offers four plans, with annual billing providing approximately 20% savings. Pricing is per user/month, plus additional credits for AI features and enrichment:

  • Free: $0/user/month. Includes up to 3 seats, 50,000 records, 3 reports, 200 email sends/month, real-time contact syncing, and automatic data enrichment.
  • Plus: $29/user/month (billed annually). Includes unlimited seats, up to 250,000 records, 15 reports, 1,000 email sends/month, private lists, and up to 5 objects.
  • Pro: $69/user/month (billed annually). Includes up to 1,000,000 records, 100 reports, unlimited email sends, Call Intelligence & Sequences, advanced data enrichment, and priority support.
  • Enterprise: Custom pricing (billed annually). Includes unlimited objects, SAML and SSO, flexible invoicing, 100+ reports, and custom record limits.

Additional workspace credits are available for purchase (e.g., +5,000/month for $70/mo billed annually).

Best For:

Attio is best suited for startups and tech-forward businesses with GTM teams that prioritize a flexible, customizable CRM with integrated AI and automation. Its modern UX and adaptable data model appeal to those who find traditional CRMs too rigid. While G2 reviews are largely positive regarding its flexibility and speed, some Trustpilot and Reddit users report issues with customer support, data migration, and a perceived lack of basic functionalities, suggesting it might require a hands-on approach or be best for teams that value customization over out-of-the-box simplicity.

5. Brevo: All-in-One Marketing & Sales Platform

Brevo, formerly Sendinblue, is an all-in-one digital marketing platform designed to help businesses of all sizes manage their customer relationships and marketing campaigns. It offers a comprehensive suite of tools including email, SMS, WhatsApp marketing, CRM, and marketing automation, with a strong emphasis on AI-powered optimization.

Key Features:

  • Multichannel Marketing: Unifies email, SMS, WhatsApp, and web push notifications within a single platform.
  • AI-Powered Optimization: Utilizes AI for personalized product recommendations, ideal send times, and clear insights to boost campaign performance. Features an AI content generator for subject lines and email copy.
  • Marketing Automation: Offers guided automation for welcome series, abandoned carts, and other customer journeys.
  • CRM & Sales Essentials: Includes a CRM to manage customer data and sales processes, along with a meeting scheduler.
  • Advanced Segmentation: Allows detailed contact segmentation based on demographics, website activity, and campaign engagement.
  • Drag & Drop Editor: Intuitive tools for crafting emails, forms, and landing pages.

Pricing:

Brevo's pricing is based on the number of emails sent per month, not contacts, and all plans include unlimited contacts. Annual billing offers a 10% discount.

  • Free: $0/month. Includes 300 emails/day (~9,000/month), unlimited contacts, CRM, basic automation (up to 2,000 contacts), and email support. Features Brevo branding.
  • Starter: Starts from $9/month (billed annually, for 5,000 emails/month). Removes daily sending cap, includes everything in Free, plus optional Brevo logo removal ($9/month).
  • Standard: Starts from $18/month (billed annually, for 5,000 emails/month). Includes everything in Starter, plus A/B testing, 1 landing page, unlimited automation, advanced analytics, and priority email support.
  • Professional: Starts from $499/month (for 150,000 emails/month). Includes everything in Standard, plus WhatsApp campaigns, push notifications, AI segmentation, 10 users, and phone support.
  • Enterprise: Custom pricing. Offers unlimited emails and contacts, dedicated IP, account manager, SLA, and SAML SSO.

Best For:

Brevo is an excellent choice for small to medium-sized businesses and solopreneurs who need an affordable, all-in-one marketing solution, especially those with large contact lists but moderate sending frequencies. Its pay-per-email model can be highly cost-effective. While Capterra users praise its "Best Ease of Use," some Reddit and Trustpilot reviews indicate significant issues with customer support and account stability, which is a critical consideration for businesses relying on consistent service for their marketing efforts.

6. HubSpot Marketing Hub: The All-in-One CRM Platform

HubSpot Marketing Hub is a premium, comprehensive marketing automation platform deeply integrated with HubSpot's renowned CRM. It offers a vast array of AI-powered tools designed to attract, convert, and engage high-intent visitors across multiple channels, making it a robust solution for businesses aiming for scalable growth.

Key Features:

  • AI-Powered Marketing: Identifies high-intent leads, automates personalized customer experiences, and launches cross-channel campaigns.
  • HubSpot AEO (AI Search Engine Optimization): Tracks brand performance in AI search, provides recommendations, and enables direct action within HubSpot's marketing tools.
  • Lead Generation & Qualification: Utilizes forms, dynamic CTAs, and Breeze customer response agents to convert anonymous visitors into qualified opportunities.
  • Marketing Automation: Automates repetitive tasks, from email workflows to lead nurturing, allowing teams to focus on strategy.
  • Content Strategy & SEO: Tools for SEO, content strategy, landing pages, and blogging.
  • Social Media Management: Manages social accounts and centralizes conversations in a unified inbox.
  • Comprehensive Reporting: Offers extensive reports and customer journey analytics.

Pricing:

HubSpot Marketing Hub offers four tiers, with annual billing available:

  • Free: $0/month. Includes forms, email marketing, basic chatbots. Limited to 2 users and 2,000 emails/month.
  • Starter: $9/month per seat (billed annually) or $10/month per seat (billed monthly). Includes lead capture forms, ads, and automation. Comes with 1,000 marketing contacts and 5,000 emails/month.
  • Professional: $800/month (billed annually) or $890/month (billed monthly). Includes 3 core seats (additional seats $45/month annually). Features all inbound marketing tools, SEO, content strategy, landing pages, phone support, CTAs, and social media. Comes with 2,000 marketing contacts and 20,000 emails/month. A one-time onboarding fee of $3,000 applies.
  • Enterprise: $3,600/month. Includes 5 core seats (additional seats $75/month). Features YouTube integration, custom reports, CMS membership, customer journey analytics, multi-touch revenue attribution, Breeze Social Agent, and lookalike lists. Includes 10,000 marketing contacts.

Best For:

HubSpot Marketing Hub is an ideal solution for mid-sized to large enterprises that require a robust, all-in-one marketing and CRM platform with advanced AI capabilities. It's particularly well-suited for businesses committed to an inbound marketing strategy and willing to invest in a premium solution. While G2 users praise its workflows and CRM integration, Reddit discussions highlight the "significant price jump" from Starter to Professional plans and increasing costs with contact volume, which can be a barrier for smaller businesses or those with tight budgets.

7. Omnisend: E-commerce Email & SMS Marketing

Omnisend is an email and SMS marketing automation platform specifically tailored for e-commerce businesses. It offers a comprehensive suite of tools designed to boost sales through personalized communication across multiple channels, even providing robust features within its free plan. It's particularly well-regarded for its seamless integration with platforms like Shopify.

Key Features:

  • E-commerce Focused: Built to integrate deeply with e-commerce platforms, facilitating abandoned cart recovery, product recommendations, and post-purchase automation.
  • Multichannel Communication: Supports email, SMS, and web push notifications from a single platform.
  • Full Automation & Segmentation: Offers advanced automation workflows and detailed customer segmentation to personalize campaigns.
  • Omnisend AI: Includes AI-powered features like Forms AI to optimize lead capture.
  • A/B Testing & Reporting: Provides tools for optimizing campaigns and tracking performance.
  • Migration Assistance: Offers resources and support for migrating from competitors like Klaviyo and Mailchimp.

Pricing:

Omnisend offers three main plans, with pricing scaling based on the number of contacts. All plans include unlimited web push notifications.

  • Free Plan: $0/month. Includes up to 250 contacts, 500 emails/month, and $1 SMS credits. Offers full automation, segmentation, A/B testing, and reporting.
  • Standard Plan: Starts at $16/month (for up to 500 contacts). Includes 6,000 emails/month, 24/7 support, and Forms AI.
  • Pro Plan: Starts at $59/month (for up to 2,500 contacts). Includes unlimited emails, bonus SMS credits (equal to monthly plan cost), personalized content, advanced reporting, and an account expert option for larger lists.

Note: Pricing scales significantly with contact list size. For stores with over 150,000 active profiles, custom plans are available. Visit Omnisend.com for exact pricing based on your contact count.

Best For:

Omnisend is the ideal marketing solution for small to medium-sized e-commerce businesses looking for a robust, multichannel platform. Its strong focus on e-commerce features, generous free plan, and competitive pricing make it a popular choice. Users on Trustpilot praise its value and reliable platform. However, some users have reported confusion or dissatisfaction with how costs escalate with contact growth and with integrating outside of Shopify. It's crucial for users to closely monitor their contact list size and understand the scaling pricing model.

8. Marketo Engage: Enterprise Marketing Automation

Adobe Marketo Engage is a comprehensive AI-powered marketing automation platform designed for B2B enterprises and large businesses. It focuses on scaling personalized buyer engagement, managing the entire customer journey, and driving predictable pipeline and revenue through multi-channel marketing campaigns and robust lead management.

Key Features:

  • AI-Powered Engagement: Leverages AI to personalize buyer engagement across various touchpoints.
  • Lead Management: Comprehensive tools for lead scoring, nurturing, and routing to sales.
  • Multi-Channel Campaign Management: Orchestrates campaigns across email, social, web, and events.
  • Advanced Segmentation & Dynamic Content: Enables highly targeted messaging with detailed audience segmentation and personalized content delivery.
  • Marketing Analytics & Reporting: Provides in-depth insights into campaign performance and ROI.
  • Scalability: Designed to grow with large organizations and complex marketing needs.

Pricing:

Marketo Engage offers four plans: Growth, Select, Prime, and Ultimate. However, pricing is not publicly available and requires direct contact with their sales team for a customized quote. The plans differ in features and limits:

  • Growth: Core marketing email, segmentation, automation, and measurement. Includes 10 users and 20k API calls/day.
  • Select: Essential marketing automation and measurement. Includes 25 users and 50k API calls/day.
  • Prime: Visit Marketo.com/ai for details.
  • Ultimate: Visit Marketo.com/ai for details.

Best For:

Marketo Engage is best suited for large B2B enterprises and organizations with complex sales cycles and extensive marketing automation requirements. It's a powerful tool for those needing to manage a high volume of leads, execute sophisticated multi-channel campaigns, and deeply integrate with CRM systems. While highly capable, Reddit users and GetApp reviews frequently mention its "hella clunky," "unnecessarily complex" interface, and "high costs," indicating a steep learning curve and significant investment. It's not recommended for small businesses or those seeking a simple, out-of-the-box solution.

Comparison Table: Best AI Marketing Tools 2026

To help you quickly compare these leading AI marketing tools, we've compiled a table summarizing their key aspects:

Tool Name Primary Use Case Target Audience Key AI Features Starting Price (Monthly, Billed Annually if applicable) Notable Pros (User Sentiment) Notable Cons (User Sentiment)
Gumloop No-code AI workflow automation Marketers, sales ops, support teams (all sizes) AI Agents (Data Analysis, CRM, Support), flexible LLM integration, recurring tasks $0 (Free tier) / $37 (Pro) "Essential for operations," "saves hours," flexible model integration "Too complex for needs," "not user-friendly" for some
Google Labs (Pomelli) On-brand content & ad creative generation SMBs, startups Brand DNA analysis, Photoshoot feature, content generation (social, ads, email) Free (Public Beta) "Quickly generates brand-aligned assets," "Photoshoot feature is worth trying" "Tone of voice sometimes misses," "not a Canva killer," beta status (can be sunsetted)
Clay AI-powered GTM automation, prospecting & data enrichment Advanced GTM teams, sales ops, marketing professionals AI agents for outreach, multi-provider enrichment, trigger-driven workflows $0 (Free tier) / $185 (Launch) "Powerful for complex lead generation," "rapidly experiment with workflows" "Steep learning curve," "costly credit burn," "non-existent customer service" (Trustpilot)
Attio AI CRM for GTM with flexible data model Startups, tech-forward GTM teams Call Intelligence, Web research agent, automated workflows, personalized email sequences $0 (Free tier) / $29/user (Plus, billed annually) "Fast setup," "genuinely flexible data model," "modern UX" "Missing basic functionalities" (Reddit), "buggy," "unhelpful support" (Trustpilot)
Brevo All-in-one email, SMS, WhatsApp marketing & CRM SMBs, solopreneurs, businesses with large lists/low send frequency AI content generator, AI segmentation, personalized recommendations $0 (Free tier) / $9 (Starter, billed annually) "Best value proposition," "pay-per-email model is brilliant," "easy to use" "Terrible experiences with support," "account restrictions/suspensions" (Reddit)
HubSpot Marketing Hub Comprehensive AI-powered marketing automation & CRM Mid-sized to large enterprises HubSpot AEO, Breeze Customer Response Agent, AI-powered lead qualification $0 (Free tier) / $9/month per seat (Starter, billed annually) / $800 (Professional, billed annually) "Great for workflows," "excellent CRM integration," "powerful automation" "Significant price jump" from Starter to Pro, "high onboarding costs," "paywall friction"
Omnisend E-commerce email & SMS marketing automation E-commerce businesses (SMB focus) Omnisend AI (Forms AI), full automation, advanced segmentation $0 (Free tier) / $16 (Standard, for 500 contacts) "Best email/marketing for e-commerce," "great value," "helpful support" "E-commerce only," "complex," "pricing confusion/escalation" with contact growth
Marketo Engage Enterprise AI marketing automation & lead management Large B2B enterprises, complex organizations AI-powered personalization, lead scoring, multi-channel campaign orchestration Custom Pricing (Contact Sales) "Powerful tool," "scalable," "comprehensive lead management" "Hella clunky UX," "unnecessarily complex," "high costs," "slow support"

The WiseRankr.com Verdict

Choosing the best AI marketing tool hinges entirely on your specific business needs, budget, and technical expertise. For small businesses and startups prioritizing cost-effective content creation, Google Labs (Pomelli) offers a compelling free solution during its beta, albeit with the inherent risks of experimental software. Brevo and Omnisend provide excellent value for email and SMS marketing, with Brevo being a strong all-rounder and Omnisend excelling in e-commerce, though both have user-reported support challenges.

For more advanced automation and Go-To-Market strategies, Gumloop and Clay stand out. Gumloop is ideal for teams embracing no-code AI agent creation across various departments, while Clay is a powerhouse for sophisticated prospecting and data enrichment, especially for GTM teams willing to navigate its complexity. Attio offers a modern, flexible CRM experience for startups, but be aware of mixed user feedback regarding its core functionalities.

Finally, for established enterprises with substantial budgets and complex marketing operations, HubSpot Marketing Hub and Marketo Engage remain top contenders. HubSpot provides a comprehensive, integrated suite, while Marketo Engage offers deep B2B capabilities. Both come with significant investment in terms of cost and learning curve, reflecting their enterprise-grade functionality.

As AI continues to mature, the tools available will only become more powerful and integrated. Evaluate your current pain points, desired outcomes, and team's capabilities before committing to a platform. A free trial or demo can provide invaluable insights into how these tools fit your unique workflow.

Frequently Asked Questions About AI Marketing Tools

What is the best AI marketing tool for small businesses in 2026?

For small businesses, the "best" tool depends on your primary need. For free, on-brand content generation, Google Labs (Pomelli) is a strong contender during its beta. For affordable all-in-one email and SMS marketing, Brevo and Omnisend (especially for e-commerce) offer robust features, including generous free tiers and cost-effective scaling.

How do AI marketing tools help with lead generation and data enrichment?

AI marketing tools significantly enhance lead generation and data enrichment by automating the identification of high-potential prospects, gathering comprehensive data points (like job changes or intent signals), and personalizing outreach at scale. Tools like Clay excel in this area by integrating AI agents with vast data sources to build highly targeted prospect lists and automate initial contact.

Are AI marketing tools expensive, and do they offer free plans?

The cost of AI marketing tools varies widely, from completely free experimental tools to enterprise-level platforms costing thousands per month. Many tools like Gumloop, Google Labs (Pomelli), Brevo, Omnisend, and HubSpot Marketing Hub offer free plans or trials, making them accessible for testing and small-scale use. However, advanced features, higher usage limits, and dedicated support typically come with paid subscriptions, which can scale up quickly.

What are the main risks associated with using AI marketing platforms?

While powerful, AI marketing platforms come with risks. Common concerns include a steep learning curve for complex tools, high costs that can escalate with usage (e.g., credit-based systems or contact volume), vendor lock-in, and potential for "AI hallucinations" or off-brand content if not carefully monitored. Additionally, some users report inconsistent customer support or platform bugs, which can disrupt critical marketing operations. It's crucial to understand a tool's limitations and support structure before full adoption.